MSC to adipocyte (mouse)

Series:	IN_VITRO DIFFERENTIATION SERIES
Species:	Mouse (Mus musculus)
Genomic View:	Zenbu
Expression table:	[{{{tet_config}}} FILE]
Link to TET:	[{{{tet_file}}} TET]
Sample providers :	Yasushi Okazaki
Germ layer:	{{{germ_layer}}}
Primary cells or cell line:	{{{primary_cells}}}
Time span:	{{{time_span}}}
Number of time points:	{{{number_time_points}}}

Overview

Senile osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. This disease is often accompanied by increasing adipocytes in bone marrow tissues [1]. The ectopic adipocytes differentiation following bone loss seems to be caused by unbalanced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [2]. Although several differentiation regulators of MSCs have already been reported, little is known about the regulatory dynamics of bi-directional adipocytes/osteoblasts differentiation. To uncover the complex mechanism of osteoporosis and metabolic disease, we performed a variety of genome-wide analyses about gene expression and regulation that could influence adipocytes/osteoblasts differentiation from mouse ST2 cells (bone marrow-derived stromal cell line) [3,4]. In particular, we focused on the differentiation-specific non-cording RNAs and antisense transcripts as the novel regulator candidates of adipocytes/osteoblasts differentiation. References: 1. Burkhardt R, Kettner G, Bohm W, Schmidmeier M, Schlag R, et al. Changes in trabecular bone, hematopoiesis and bone marrow vessels in aplastic anemia, primary osteoporosis, and old age: a comparative histomorphometric study. Bone (1987) 8(3):157-164. PMID:3606907 2. Nuttall ME, Gimble JM. Controlling the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis and the consequent therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Pharmacol (2004) 4(3):290–294. PMID:15140422 3. Tokuzawa Y, Yagi K, Yamashita Y, Nakachi Y, Nikaido I, et al. Id4, a new candidate gene for senile osteoporosis, acts as a molecular switch promoting osteoblast differentiation. PLoS Genet (2010) 6(7):e1001019. PMID:20628571 4. Mizuno Y, Yagi K, Tokuzawa Y, Kanesaki-Yatsuka Y, Suda T, et al. miR-125b inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by down-regulation of cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2008) 368(2):267-272. PMID:18230348.

Sample description

Cell line: ST2 cells were obtained from RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC, Tsukuba, Japan). These cell line is bone marrow-derived stromal cell line. ST2 differentiated most efficiently into both osteoblasts and adipocytes [3]. Cell culture: ST2 cells were cultured according to the protocols supplied by BRC (RPMI1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum) [4]. Differentiation induction: Adipocyte differentation: Adipogenic differentiation was induced by changing the medium to differentiation medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methlxanthine, 0.25 mM dexamethasone, and insulin-transferrin-selenium-X supplement containing 5 mg/ml of insulin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and 1 mM rosiglitazone. After 48 hr, the differentiation medium was replaced with conditional culture medium supplemented with 10% FBS [3]. Pre-conditioned medium which was originally same as culure medium, was carried by parallel culturing of ST2, to avoid the perturbation by "medium-change" shock as soon as possible. Figure 1. Histological staining of ST2 cells using Nile Red staining during adipocyte differentiation. The number of Nile Red stained lipid droplets increased in ST2 cell (4 days after adipocyte induction). Bar: 100 μm. Osteoblast differentiation: Osteogenic differentiation was induced by changing the medium every three days to culture medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4, R&D Systems, Mineapolis, MN) [3]. Pre-conditioned medium which was originally same as culure medium, was carried by parallel culturing of ST2, to avoid the perturbation by "medium-change" shock as soon as possible. Figure 2. ALP staining of ST2 cells for 0, 6 and 20 days after osteoblast induction. The ALP activity of ST2 cells (right, 20 days) were more prominently increased in the presence of BMP4 than 0 day (left). Sampling: ST2 cells are sampled during adipocyte or osteoblast differentiation (15min, 30min, 1-3hr, 6,12,18,24,36,48hr, 3-6day) and non-treatment control (2 points; 0,6day). Figure 3. Sampling points for ST2 time-course CAGE data References: 3. Tokuzawa Y, Yagi K, Yamashita Y, Nakachi Y, Nikaido I, et al. Id4, a new candidate gene for senile osteoporosis, acts as a molecular switch promoting osteoblast differentiation. PLoS Genet (2010) 6(7):e1001019. PMID:20628571 4. Mizuno Y, Yagi K, Tokuzawa Y, Kanesaki-Yatsuka Y, Suda T, et al. miR-125b inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by down-regulation of cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2008) 368(2):267-272. PMID:18230348.

Quality control
Marker gene expression: Adipocyte differentation, hCAGE: Figurea 4. Gene expression (TPM) of key regulators (Hes1, Id1, Id2,Sp7) and differentiation markers (Alpl, Bglap).

Profiled time course samples

Only samples that passed quality controls (Arner et al. 2015) are shown here. The entire set of samples are downloadable from FANTOM5 human / mouse samples

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12308-130F4	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr15min	biol_rep1 (015mA1)
12309-130F5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr30min	biol_rep1 (030mA1)
12310-130F6	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	01hr	biol_rep1 (001hA1)
12311-130F7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	02hr	biol_rep1 (002hA1)
12312-130F8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	03hr	biol_rep1 (003hA1)
12313-130F9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	06hr	biol_rep1 (006hA1)
12314-130G1	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	12hr	biol_rep1 (012hA1)
12315-130G2	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	18hr	biol_rep1 (018hA1)
12316-130G3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	24hr	biol_rep1 (024hA1)
12318-130G5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day02	biol_rep1 (048hA1)
12319-130G6	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day03	biol_rep1 (072hA1)
12320-130G7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day04	biol_rep1 (096hA1)
12321-130G8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day05	biol_rep1 (120hA1)
12322-130G9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day06	biol_rep1 (144hA1)
12338-130I7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	00hr	biol_rep1
12347-131A7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	day06	biol_rep1
12430-132A9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr15min	biol_rep2 (015mA2)
12431-132B1	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr30min	biol_rep2 (030mA2)
12432-132B2	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	01hr	biol_rep2 (001hA2)
12433-132B3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	02hr	biol_rep2 (002hA2)
12434-132B4	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	03hr	biol_rep2 (003hA2)
12435-132B5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	06hr	biol_rep2 (006hA2)
12436-132B6	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	12hr	biol_rep2 (012hA2)
12437-132B7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	18hr	biol_rep2 (018hA2)
12438-132B8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	24hr	biol_rep2 (024hA2)
12439-132B9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	36hr	biol_rep2 (036hA2)
12440-132C1	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day02	biol_rep2 (048hA2)
12441-132C2	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day03	biol_rep2 (072hA2)
12442-132C3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day04	biol_rep2 (096hA2)
12443-132C4	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day05	biol_rep2 (120hA2)
12444-132C5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day06	biol_rep2 (144hA2)
12460-132E3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	00hr	biol_rep2
12469-132F3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	day06	biol_rep2
12552-133F5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr15min	biol_rep3 (015mA3)
12553-133F6	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	00hr30min	biol_rep3 (030mA3)
12554-133F7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	01hr	biol_rep3 (001hA3)
12555-133F8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	02hr	biol_rep3 (002hA3)
12556-133F9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	03hr	biol_rep3 (003hA3)
12557-133G1	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	06hr	biol_rep3 (006hA3)
12558-133G2	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	12hr	biol_rep3 (012hA3)
12559-133G3	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	18hr	biol_rep3 (018hA3)
12560-133G4	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	24hr	biol_rep3 (024hA3)
12561-133G5	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	36hr	biol_rep3 (036hA3)
12562-133G6	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day02	biol_rep3 (048hA3)
12563-133G7	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day03	biol_rep3 (072hA3)
12564-133G8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day04	biol_rep3 (096hA3)
12565-133G9	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day05	biol_rep3 (120hA3)
12566-133H1	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, differentiation to adipocytes	day06	biol_rep3 (144hA3)
12582-133I8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	00hr	biol_rep3
12591-134A8	ST2 (Mesenchymal stem cells) cells, medium change (without induction)	day06	biol_rep3